Chemical investigations of bitumen from Neolithic archaeological excavations in Italy by GC/MS combined with principal component analysis

Federica Nardella · Noemi Landi · Ilaria Degano · Marta Colombo · Marco Serradimigni · Carlo Tozzi +1 more

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Petroleum Processing and Analysis

Abstract

An analytical protocol involving microwave assisted solvent extraction followed by GC/MS and principal component analysis (PCA) of the chromatographic data was used for the characterization of bituminous residues sampled from Neolithic objects recovered from excavations in Italy.

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References

1999Use and trade of bitumen in antiquity and prehistory: molecular archaeology reveals secrets of past civilizations 2002Sources of mummy bitumen in ancient Egypt and Palestine 2012New evidence of adhesive as hafting material on Middle and Upper Palaeolithic artefacts from Gura Cheii-Râşnov Cave (Romania)2017Chemical analyses of Egyptian mummification balms and organic residues from storage jars dated from the Old Kingdom to the Copto-Byzantine period 2008New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP 2004Bitumen in Early Ceramic Art: Bitumen‐Painted Ceramics From Late Neolithic Tell Sabi Abyad (Syria)*2010An overview of bitumen trade in the Near East from the Neolithic (c.8000 BC) to the early Islamic period 2006Identification and origin of bitumen in Neolithic artefacts from Demirköy Höyük (8100 BC): Comparison with oil seeps and crude oils from southeastern Turkey

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