Degree and not type of iconicity affects sign language vocabulary acquisition.

Naomi Kenney Caselli · Jennie E. Pyers

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Hearing Impairment and Communication Language Development and Disorders Language and cultural evolution

Abstract

Lexical iconicity-signs or words that resemble their meaning-is overrepresented in children's early vocabularies. Embodied theories of language acquisition predict that symbols are more learnable when they are grounded in a child's firsthand experiences. As such, pantomimic iconic signs, which use the signer's body to represent a body, might be more readily learned than other types of iconic signs. Alternatively, the structure mapping theory of iconicity predicts that learners are sensitive to the amount of overlap between form and meaning. In this exploratory study of early vocabulary development in American Sign Language (ASL), we asked whether type of iconicity predicts sign acquisition above and beyond degree of iconicity. We also controlled for concreteness and relevance to babies, two possible confounding factors. Highly concrete referents and concepts that are germane to babies may be amenable to iconic mappings. We reanalyzed a previously published set of ASL Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) reports from 58 deaf children learning ASL from their deaf parents (Anderson & Reilly, 2002). Pantomimic signs were more iconic than other types of iconic signs (perceptual, both pantomimic and perceptual, or arbitrary), but type of iconicity had no effect on acquisition. Children may not make use of the special status of pantomimic elements of signs. Their vocabularies are, however, shaped by degree of iconicity, which aligns with a structure mapping theory of iconicity, though other explanations are also compatible (e.g., iconicity in child-directed signing). Previously demonstrated effects of type of iconicity may be an artifact of the increased degree of iconicity among pantomimic signs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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2013Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas 2015Arbitrariness, Iconicity, and Systematicity in Language 2009Integrating experiential and distributional data to learn semantic representations.2004Representing the meanings of object and action words: The featural and unitary semantic space hypothesis 2002The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Normative Data for American Sign Language 2015Iconicity in English and Spanish and Its Relation to Lexical Category and Age of Acquisition 2016ASL-LEX: A lexical database of American Sign Language 2017Iconicity in the speech of children and adults

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