Current approaches to increase blood donations in resource‐limited countries

Jean‐Pierre Allain

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Blood donation and transfusion practices Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering Organ Donation and Transplantation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) suffer from chronic or seasonal blood shortage. The first review was published in 2007. METHODS: The review of literature since 2005 presented here uncovered a fairly large number of articles justifying the grouping of blood donation issues into five geographical areas sharing common background. These are Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Muslim countries, India, China/South East Asia and Latin America/Caribbean islands (LA&C). RESULTS: SSA countries start collecting at 16-18 years of age in schools where female donors can be reached better than in other settings. Community-oriented culture favours family donors who need, similar to volunteer non-remunerated donors (VNRD), to be actively induced to repeat donation. Muslim countries share the contradiction of religion encouraging blood donation but restrain women from donating. The active involvement of religious leaders and the progressive easing of female participation are the keys to increasing blood donation. In India, 'social duty' is a major inducement to blood donation but also benefits and rewards. Ways of involving female donors by reducing the donation age to 16 years and providing donor education in schools need to be considered. In China and East Asia, the option of small-volume donation impairs blood collection without being justified by scientific evidence but is a concession to culture. Reducing the donation age would also help the supply. In LA&C, the concept of 'social capital' was developed as a complement or alternative to the theory of planned behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to improve blood donation and repeat donation should be innovative and adapted to local or regional culture and environment.

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References

2004An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to blood donation: the importance of self-efficacy 2008Predicting blood donation intentions and behavior among Australian blood donors: testing an extended theory of planned behavior model 2012Knowledge, attitudes and practices surveys of blood donation in developing countries 2009The blood donor in sub-Saharan Africa: a review 2004Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and motivations towards blood donations among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria 2011Attitude to blood donation in Saudi Arabia 2011Moving on from voluntary non‐remunerated donors: who is the best blood donor?2011Knowledge and behavior towards voluntary blood donation among students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria

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