Articlehybrid2020

Subthreshold depression in adolescence: Gender differences in prevalence, clinical features, and associated factors

Marcelo A. Crockett · Vania Martínez · Álvaro Jiménez-Molina

100 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Affective Disorders

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Mental Health Treatment and Access

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Subthreshold depression (SD) is an important mental health problem in adolescence given its high prevalence, comorbidity, and functional impairment. However, currently little is known about gender differences of SD in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in prevalence, clinical features, and associated factors in adolescents with subthreshold depressive episode (SDE). METHODS: grades (49.5% girls, 15.2 years average age) recruited from eight state-subsidized schools located in the northern part of Santiago, Chile. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of SDE and major depressive episode were 16.5% (95% CI: 14.9-18.2) and 17.7% (95% CI: 16.1-19.4), respectively. Both mental health problems were more prevalent in females (p < 0.001). With regard to SDE, girls displayed a higher rate of depressive mood and sleep problems, while boys had greater anhedonia, problems related with concentration, and psychomotor retardation/agitation. High levels of dysfunctional thoughts and perceived social support were associated with SDE in females and males. Social problem solving and emotion regulation had a differentiated impact on SDE depending on gender. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms and SDE were found to be common health problems among adolescents in Chile. SDE had major gender differences in terms of prevalence, clinical features, and associated factors. These differences should be considered in the development of preventive and early interventions.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2001The PHQ-9 2006A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2003Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.2017Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms.2012Depression in adolescence 1987A Brief Measure of Social Support: Practical and Theoretical Implications 2019Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis

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