Cyberbullying and its relationship with physical, verbal, and relational bullying: a structural equation modelling approach

Stefan Johansson · Göran Englund

60 citations0/0 files storedEducational Psychology

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Workplace Violence and Bullying Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection

Abstract

The article focuses on the contentious relation between cyberbullying and physical, verbal, and relational bullying. Drawing on items from the Olweus questionnaire, the study used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, and latent factors of bullying were fitted to the data. Different background variables were related to cyberbullying and traditional bullying factors. The results revealed high correlations between physical, verbal, and relational bullying. While the relations between cyberbullying and physical and verbal bullying were modest to moderate, a substantial correlation between cyberbullying and relational bullying was observed (.69). Further, it was noted that the level of anxiety had a stronger relation with the cyberbullying factor, while number of friends was similarly related to all four bullying factors. The implications of the high relation between cyber and relational bullying, as well as their similar association with the covariates, were discussed.

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References

2007Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research 2014Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth.2015Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares 2009School Bullying Among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber 2008Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization 2004Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics 2012Cyberbullying: bullying in the digital age 2006On tests and indices for evaluating structural models

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2021Bullying types and roles in early adolescence: Latent classes of perpetrators and victims 2023Meta-analyses of the predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization while controlling for traditional bullying perpetration and victimization

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