Article2021

Leaving on a jet plane? The effect of challenge–hindrance stressors, emotional resilience and cultural novelty on self-initiated expatriates' decision to exit China

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International Student and Expatriate Challenges Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior Stress and Burnout Research

Abstract

Purpose The number of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) is growing, yet we know relatively little about their work experiences, especially how they react to stress. The purpose of this study is to examine whether challenge and hindrance stressors influence SIEs' intent to remain as well as the possible influence of emotional resilience and cultural novelty upon these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 249 SIEs working in China. Findings As hypothesized, hindrance stressors were negatively related to the SIEs' intent to remain. Contrary to expectations, challenge stressors were not associated with intent to remain. Hindrance (challenge) stressors were negatively (positively) related to emotional resilience, and resilience mediated the relationship between stressors and intent to remain. Cultural novelty failed to moderate the relationship between emotional resilience and intent to remain and did not moderate the mediated effects of challenge stressors on intent to remain via emotional resilience. Cultural novelty did moderate the mediated effects of hindrance stressors on intent to remain via emotional resilience, but not in the hypothesized direction. Research limitations/implications This study was cross-sectional. It examined SIEs working in China, and its findings may not be generalizable to SIEs working in other countries. Originality/value This is the first study to examine how emotional resilience may mediate the relationship between stressors and SIEs' intent to remain and also considered the possible moderating effects of cultural novelty. In addition, unlike most studies that focus only on the negative outcomes of hindrance stressors, this study tested the possible positive effects of challenge stressors.

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References

1999Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives 2003Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.1989Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.2011Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It 2002Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation 2013Psychological Resilience 2005A Meta-Analytic Test of the Challenge Stressor–Hindrance Stressor Framework: An Explanation for Inconsistent Relationships Among Stressors and Performance 2005Potential Problems in the Statistical Control of Variables in Organizational Research: A Qualitative Analysis With Recommendations

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