Contributing factors to the total fertility rate declining trend in the Middle East and North Africa: a systemic review

Abolghasem Pourreza · Ahmad Sadeghi · Mostafa Amini Rarani · Rahim Khodayari‐Zarnaq · Hasan Jafari

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Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences Family Dynamics and Relationships Reproductive Health and Contraception

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The total fertility rate (TFR) in the Middle East and North Africa has experienced a declining trend in recent years. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to provide a clear picture of the most critical factors affecting the TFR decline in this region. METHODS: This study was a systematic review between the years 2000 and 2016. The different databases like Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct and the Google Scholar search engine were used. At first, 270 articles and then 18 articles were selected and meticulously read for the final analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated a declining trend in the TFR in the Middle East and North Africa, as in other parts of the world. Regarding the causes of this declining trend, several factors were identified and categorized into five main factors of health care-related, cultural, economic, social, and political. CONCLUSIONS: While taking advantage of the experiences, it is necessary to identify the five main factors and their related issues and hence consider them in the population policy-making.

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References

2007World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision 2020Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 1991World population prospects 2013Fertility Transition: Is sub‐Saharan Africa Different?2002Why does Education Lead to Lower Fertility? A Critical Review of Some of the Possibilities 2003Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries: Facts and Policy Responses 2008World Population Prospects

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