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Administrative law relating to the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) developed rapidly following the introduction of a European Union competence for asylum. The Amsterdam Treaty 1999 brought an end to the rather chaotic European field of law and policy on borders, immigration, and asylum. This area had not been included in EU competences at all until the Maastricht Treaty (in force from 1993) which fragmented the legal framework of the then EC by creating three so-called pillars, the first pillar of EU law proper (as had been contained in the then EC Treaty), the second on the Common Foreign and Security Policy (which was entirely intergovernmental), and the third pillar on justice and home affairs which included then (most of) border policy, migration, and asylum.
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