A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment

Guoxia Wang · Yi Wang · Xiaosong Gai

64 citations0/0 files storedFrontiers in Psychology

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Behavioral Health and Interventions Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation

Abstract

Mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) is a self-regulation strategy that enhances goal attainment. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of MCII for goal attainment and explored potential moderators. A total of 21 empirical studies with 24 independent effect sizes (15,907 participants) were included in the analysis. Results showed that MCII to be effective for goal attainment with a small to medium effect size (g = 0.336). The effect was mainly moderated by intervention style. Specifically, studies with interventions based on interactions between participants and experimenters (g = 0.465) had stronger effects than studies with interventions based on interactions between participants and documents (g = 0.277). The results revealed that MCII is a brief and effective strategy for goal attainment with a small to moderate effect; however, because of some publication bias, the actual effect sizes may be smaller. Due to small number of studies in this meta-analysis, additional studies are needed to determine the role of moderator variables.

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References

2003Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses 2009Introduction to Meta‐Analysis 2000Practical Meta-Analysis 1999Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.2006Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta‐analysis of Effects and Processes 2010The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes 2006Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications 2001Self-regulation of goal-setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals.

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