Spatial Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States

Abolfazl Mollalo · Moosa Tatar

62 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research COVID-19 epidemiological studies

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccine services. Despite the efforts of United States healthcare providers to vaccinate the bulk of its population, vaccine hesitancy is still a severe challenge that has led to the resurgence of COVID-19 cases to over 100,000 people during early August 2021. To our knowledge, there are limited nationwide studies that examined the spatial distribution of vaccination rates, mainly based on the social vulnerability index (SVI). In this study, we compiled a database of the percentage of fully vaccinated people at the county scale across the continental United States as of 29 July 2021, along with SVI data as potential significant covariates. We further employed multiscale geographically weighted regression to model spatial nonstationarity of vaccination rates. Our findings indicated that the model could explain over 79% of the variance of vaccination rate based on Per capita income and Minority (%) (with positive impacts), and Age 17 and younger (%), Mobile homes (%), and Uninsured people (%) (with negative effects). However, the impact of each covariate varied for different counties due to using separate optimal bandwidths. This timely study can serve as a geospatial reference to support public health decision-makers in forming region-specific policies in monitoring vaccination programs from a geographic perspective.

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References

2015Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants 1996Geographically Weighted Regression: A Method for Exploring Spatial Nonstationarity 2021COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates 2011A Social Vulnerability Index for Disaster Management 2017Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR)2019mgwr: A Python Implementation of Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression for Investigating Process Spatial Heterogeneity and Scale 2021Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy 2021Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19

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2022Vaccine hesitancy in American healthcare workers during the COVID-19 vaccine roll out: an integrative review 2021Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review 2023COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy worldwide and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2022What explains spatial variations of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy?: a social-ecological-technological systems approach 2023Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in England

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