Social media study of public opinions on potential COVID-19 vaccines: informing dissent, disparities, and dissemination

Hanjia Lyu · Junda Wang · Wei Wu · Viet Duong · Xiyang Zhang · Timothy Dye +1 more

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy Misinformation and Its Impacts Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining

Abstract

Abstract The current development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented. Little is known, however, about the nuanced public opinions on the coming vaccines. We adopt a human-guided machine learning framework (using more than 40,000 rigorously selected tweets from more than 20,000 distinct Twitter users) to capture public opinions on the potential vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, classifying them into three groups: pro-vaccine, vaccine-hesitant, and anti-vaccine. We aggregate opinions at the state and country levels, and find that the major changes in the percentages of different opinion groups roughly correspond to the major pandemic-related events. Interestingly, the percentage of the pro-vaccine group is lower in the Southeast part of the United States. Using multinomial logistic regression, we compare demographics, social capital, income, religious status, political affiliations, geo-locations, sentiment of personal pandemic experience and non-pandemic experience, and county-level pandemic severity perception of these three groups to investigate the scope and causes of public opinions on vaccines. We find that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are more likely to hold polarized opinions on potential COVID-19 vaccines. The anti-vaccine opinion is the strongest among the people who have the worst personal pandemic experience. Next, by conducting counterfactual analyses, we find that the U.S. public is most concerned about the safety, effectiveness, and political issues regarding potential vaccines for COVID-19, and improving personal pandemic experience increases the vaccine acceptance level. We believe this is the first large-scale social media-based study to analyze public opinions on potential COVID-19 vaccines that can inform more effective vaccine distribution policies and strategies.

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References

2020A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine 2011Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review 2014Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: A systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012 2013Vaccine hesitancy 2020Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real time surveys 2008Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide 2010Dissemination of health information through social networks: Twitter and antibiotics 2008Parents With Doubts About Vaccines: Which Vaccines and Reasons Why

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