Determining the Number of Factors to Retain in EFA: Using the SPSS R-Menu v2 0 to Make More Judicious Estimations

Matthew Gordon Ray Courtney

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Statistical Methods and Applications Mental Health Research Topics

Abstract

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a common technique utilized in the development of assessment instruments. The key question when performing this procedure is how to best estimate the number of factors to retain. This is especially important as under- or over-extraction may lead to erroneous conclusions. Although recent advancements have been made to answer the number of factors question, popular statistical packages do not come standard with these modern techniques. This paper details how to program IBM SPSS Statistics software (SPSS) to conveniently perform five modern techniques designed to estimate the number of factors to retain. By utilizing the five empirically-supported techniques illustrated in this article, researchers will be able to more judiciously model data. Accessed 27,874 times on https://pareonline.net from April 30, 2013 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.

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1966The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors 1960The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis 1989EQS : structural equations program manual 1999Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.1965A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis 2000SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test 1986Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain.2004Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: a Tutorial on Parallel Analysis

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