Belgium

Abstract

This chapter presents a critical review of research on racial and ethnic inequalities in secondary education in Flanders between 1980 and 2010. Due to the educational organization of Belgium, only the Dutch linguistic community is reviewed. Belgium is a small country but has a rather complex government structure that also affects the organization of the educational system. Belgium comprises three regions (Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels) with three linguistic communities (Dutch, French, and German) and a federal government. All have their specific governing powers. Since the federal restructuring of 1989, the Department of Education is organized by the (cultural) linguistic communities. In this chapter we focus on education in the Dutch linguistic community that covers the region of Flanders and partly Brussels. Brussels is governed by both the French- and the Dutch-speaking communities and parents have to choose between them. Because of the organization of the educational system, most research has focused on a certain linguistic community (except for Phalet et al., 2007). Before reviewing the literature, an overview is given of the educational system, immigration to Flanders, and social policy and developments in Flanders. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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