Rational-Choice Models of Political Behavior vs. Functionalist and Conformist Theories

Abstract

After a virtual neglect for several decades, in the last twenty years renewed interest has been shown in a general theory of social behavior. Most of this theoretical work has depended on two main postulates. One is thefunctionalist(sometimes called structural-functional) approach to the explanation of social institutions, based on the assumption that the socialinstitutionsof a given society can best be understood in terms of their socialfunctions, that is, in terms of the contributions they make to the maintenance of social systems as a whole. For lack of an established technical term, we shall call the other postulate the conformist approach to the explanation ofindividual behavior: it is based on the assumption that uniformities of individual behavior in a given society can best be understood in terms of certain commonly accepted socialvalues, which most members of the society tend to internalize during their socialization process.

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