This chapter reviews evidence about how best to teach children to read. It utilizes the term decoding to mean the use of a set of principles to access the pronunciation and the meaning of printed words. The chapter considers three questions that are central to research, practice, and policy. First, what are the principles and evidence concerning how best to teach decoding in whole-class settings? Second, how might we best support children with dyslexia to overcome problems in developing decoding skills? Third, how can we support reading comprehension in children with wider language needs? Helpful recent development has been the contribution of classroom research funded by nongovernmental bodies and charities that support evidence-based practice. Evidence already considered from meta-analyses in the National Reading Panel report and from randomized controlled trials by Torgerson et al. suggests phonics is efficacious for children with reading difficulties.
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