Gender Inequalities in Citations of Articles Published in High-Impact General Medical Journals: a Cross-Sectional Study

Paul Sebo · Carole Clair

34 citations0/0 files storedJournal of General Internal Medicine

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scientometrics and bibliometrics research Diversity and Career in Medicine Sex and Gender in Healthcare

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Besides the number of publications, the number of citations is another key metric often used to compare researchers with each other. While women researchers tend to have fewer publications than their men colleagues, the data is scarce for the number of citations. We aimed to determine whether there is a gender gap in citations. METHODS: We used Web of Science to retrieve the number of citations per year for all research articles and reviews published between January 2015 and December 2019 in fourteen high-impact general medical journals (impact factor > 5). We used Gender API to identify the gender of the first/last authors. We compared the results by gender using multivariable negative binomial regressions (adjusting for intra-cluster correlations within journals). RESULTS: The gender of the first/last author was determined for 13,218/13,350 (99%) and 11,894/12,026 (99%) articles, respectively. The proportion of women among first/last authors was 40% and 29%, respectively. The median number of citations per year was 5 (IQR = 11.3) for women and 6.8 (IQR = 17.8) for men for first authors (IRR = 1.5 [95% CI = 1.3-1.8], p value < 0.001), and 6 (IQR = 12.4) and 7.5 (IQR = 17.4) for last authors (IRR = 1.3 [95% CI = 1.2-1.5], p value < 0.001). Articles whose first and last authors were women were the least cited and those whose first and last authors were men were the most cited. CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study, we found that articles authored by women were cited less often than those authored by men. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for these gender differences in article citations.

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References

2005An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output 2016Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Current Knowledge, Implications for Practice, Policy, and Future Directions 2014Gender Differences in Time Spent on Parenting and Domestic Responsibilities by High-Achieving Young Physician-Researchers 2020Women Physicians and Promotion in Academic Medicine 2016Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014)2021Gender Disparity in Citations in High-Impact Journal Articles 2019Gender differences in how scientists present the importance of their research: observational study 2021Performance of gender detection tools: a comparative study of name-to-gender inference services

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