Gender gap in research: a bibliometric study of published articles in primary health care and general internal medicine

Paul Sebo · Hubert Maisonneuve · Jean‐Pascal Fournier

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Diversity and Career in Medicine scientometrics and bibliometrics research Sex and Gender in Healthcare

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many studies examined gender inequalities in research, but only a few data are available for general biomedical journals. We assessed the prevalence of female first authorship in general biomedical journals and examined its variations across a number of author, article and journal characteristics. METHODS: This study was nested within a larger project designed to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of scientific articles. We retrieved 767 randomly selected articles published in 2016 in high impact factor journals of primary healthcare (n = 9) and general internal medicine (n = 9). We extracted the following data: author (gender, number of publications and affiliation of the first author), paper (number of authors, number of participants and study design) and journal characteristics (journal discipline and 2015 impact factor). We compared the proportion of articles authored by women and men using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions adjusted for intra-cluster correlations. RESULTS: The female authorship proportion was 48% (63% for primary healthcare and 33% for general internal medicine, P-value < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, women published fewer articles (<5 versus >15 publications: OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.1-2.4]), were more often affiliated with institutions in the Western world (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2-3.9]), were more likely to publish qualitative studies (versus systematic reviews or experiments: OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.5-4.8]) and to publish in primary healthcare journals (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.1-2.7]). CONCLUSIONS: The underrepresentation of women in articles published by general internal medicine journals, in articles from the non-Western world and in systematic reviews and trials should be addressed.

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References

2013Bibliometrics: Global gender disparities in science 2016Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Current Knowledge, Implications for Practice, Policy, and Future Directions 2006The “Gender Gap” in Authorship of Academic Medical Literature — A 35-Year Perspective 2014Gender Differences in Time Spent on Parenting and Domestic Responsibilities by High-Achieving Young Physician-Researchers 2018The gender gap in science: How long until women are equally represented?2016Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014)2018Gender disparities in high-quality research revealed by Nature Index journals 2015Accelerating scientific publication in biology

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