Factors Driving COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Cameroon and Their Implications for Africa: A Comparison of Two Cross-Sectional Studies Conducted 19 Months Apart in 2020 and 2022

Jerome Nyhalah Dinga · Andreas Ateke Njoh · Stanley Dobgima Gamua · Synthia Eni Muki · Vincent P.K. Titanji

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research COVID-19 and Mental Health

Abstract

Many efficacious COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for general use but their ability to control the disease is being undermined by slow uptake. Resources are needed to persuade people to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. Here we compare this present study and a previous one to assess the impact of the Cameroon government's policy and efforts to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy after one year of implementation. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent, 6732 participants completed a questionnaire about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. It was observed that the government's policies and efforts reduced COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy significantly, but this was not enough to ensure the herd immunity necessary to control the disease. The risk factors associated with vaccine hesitancy were the consumption of traditional herbal remedies; living in an urban setting; being female, jobless or a student; working in the education sector; being a politician/policy maker/administrator, engineer or technician; medium income; no education/primary school/secondary/high school/professional training; and working in the informal sector. In contrast, people who were male, healthcare personnel, high-income earners, participants who do not consume traditional herbal remedies, infected or knowing someone who has been infected by COVID-19, and having a chronic illness or comorbidity, were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Participants also gave several reasons they were either hesitant or willing to take the vaccine. A more rigorous surveillance system is needed to systematically monitor drivers of vaccine hesitancy, establish tailored interventions promoting vaccine acceptance, and evaluate the impact of these interventions.

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2005Bridging the intention–behaviour gap: Planning, self-efficacy, and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise 2021COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries 2020COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID-19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVAccS), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey 2021Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Related Determinants among the General Adult Population in Kuwait 2022Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black and White Individuals in the US 2021Assessment of Vaccine Hesitancy to a COVID-19 Vaccine in Cameroonian Adults and Its Global Implication 2022Hesitancy in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its associated factors among the general adult population: a cross-sectional study in six Southeast Asian countries 2022COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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2023Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries 2025COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2023COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Cameroon: The Role of Medical Mistrust and Social Media Use

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