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Chatbot features for anxiety and depression: A scoping review
16 references·16 citing·42 second hopsampled
Chatbot features for anxiety and depression: A scoping review (2023)Chatbot features for anxiety and depressi…Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: A randomized trial of effectiveness (2022)Using AI chatbots to provide …Co-developing a Mental Health and Wellbeing Chatbot With and for Young People (2021)Co-developing a Mental Health…The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020)The psychological impact of q…Preliminary Evaluation of the Engagement and Effectiveness of a Mental Health Chatbot (2020)Preliminary Evaluation of the…The Next Generation: Chatbots in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy to Foster Mental Health – A Scoping Review (2019)The Next Generation: Chatbots…EMMA: An Emotion-Aware Wellbeing Chatbot (2019)EMMA: An Emotion-Aware Wellbe…Caring for Vincent (2019)Caring for VincentAn overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: A scoping review (2019)An overview of the features o…Using Psychological Artificial Intelligence (Tess) to Relieve Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial (2018)Using Psychological Artificia…Do mental health mobile apps work: evidence and recommendations for designing high-efficacy mental health mobile apps (2018)Do mental health mobile apps …An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study (2018)An Empathy-Driven, Conversati…Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial (2017)Delivering Cognitive Behavior…A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: A pilot RCT using mixed methods (2017)A fully automated conversatio…Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews (2016)Rayyan—a web and mobile app f…Mental health: There’s an app for that (2016)Mental health: There’s an app…Pilot randomised controlled trial of Help4Mood, an embodied virtual agent-based system to support treatment of depression (2015)Pilot randomised controlled t…LLM-powered socially assistive robot-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy exercises: an exploratory study with university students (2026)LLM-powered socially assistiv…The balance and integration of artificial intelligence within cognitive behavioral therapy interventions (2025)The balance and integration o…Chatbots and mental health: a scoping review of reviews (2025)Chatbots and mental health: a…Artificial Intelligence–Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention on Psychological Outcomes: A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression (2025)Artificial Intelligence–Based…A Systematic Review on Mental Health Chatbots: Trends, Design Principles, Evaluation Methods, and Future Research Agenda (2025)A Systematic Review on Mental…Therapeutic Chatbots as Cognitive-Affective Artifacts (2024)Therapeutic Chatbots as Cogni…The Role of Chatbots in Enhancing Health Care for Older Adults: A Scoping Review (2024)The Role of Chatbots in Enhan…The ethical aspects of integrating sentiment and emotion analysis in chatbots for depression intervention (2024)The ethical aspects of integr…Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Health Counseling For Mental Illness Patients (2024)Artificial Intelligence (AI) …An Overview of Tools and Technologies for Anxiety and Depression Management Using AI (2024)An Overview of Tools and Tech…AI Technology panic—is AI Dependence Bad for Mental Health? A Cross-Lagged Panel Model and the Mediating Roles of Motivations for AI Use Among Adolescents (2024)AI Technology panic—is AI Dep…A review on the efficacy of artificial intelligence for managing anxiety disorders (2024)A review on the efficacy of a…A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Intelligent Conversational Chatbot For Enhancing Mental Health Therapy (2024)A Reinforcement Learning Appr…Conversational agents for depression screening: A systematic review (2023)Conversational agents for dep…Can robots do therapy?: Examining the efficacy of a CBT bot in comparison with other behavioral intervention technologies in alleviating mental health symptoms (2023)Can robots do therapy?: Exami…A narrative review of digital biomarkers in the management of major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant forms (2023)A narrative review of digital…Smartphones for Smarter Delivery of Mental Health Programs: A Systematic Review (2013)Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. (2013)Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Smartphone Intervention for Schizophrenia (2014)Mobile Apps for Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of Features and Content Quality (2015)The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science (2018)Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science (2020)Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement (2009)Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement (2009)Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement. (2009)Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Enhancement of Psychological Well-Being Among College Students: Systematic Review (2019)An open source machine learning framework for efficient and transparent systematic reviews (2021)Barriers to and Facilitators of User Engagement With Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review (2021)Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. (1988)The PHQ-9 (2001)Using thematic analysis in psychology (2006)Chatbots and Conversational Agents in Mental Health: A Review of the Psychiatric Landscape (2019)Your Robot Therapist Will See You Now: Ethical Implications of Embodied Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy (2019)The Satisfaction With Life Scale (1985)Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing in Mental Health: Systematic Review (2020)Perceptions and Opinions of Patients About Mental Health Chatbots: Scoping Review (2020)Systematic Review: Trust-Building Factors and Implications for Conversational Agent Design (2020)Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments (2016)Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2017)The efficacy of smartphone‐based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (2017)The burden of mental disorders across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017 (2019)Use of Social Robots in Mental Health and Well-Being Research: Systematic Review (2019)A New Benchmark for Mental Health Systems (2021)A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2006)Effectiveness and Safety of Using Chatbots to Improve Mental Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)My Chatbot Companion - a Study of Human-Chatbot Relationships (2021)Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being (2023)Comparing effect sizes in follow-up studies: ROC Area, Cohen's d, and r. (2005)Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework (2005)Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (2008)PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation (2018)Artificially intelligent chatbots in digital mental health interventions: a review (2021)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM) (2008)Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic (2020)Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020)Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial (2022)Conversational Agent Interventions for Mental Health Problems: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2023)The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024)
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References

  • 2016Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews25,980 cited
  • 2020The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence16,377 cited
  • 2017Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial2,713 cited
  • 2018An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study1,061 cited
  • 2018Using Psychological Artificial Intelligence (Tess) to Relieve Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial712 cited
  • 2019An overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: A scoping review602 cited
  • 2017A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: A pilot RCT using mixed methods367 cited
  • 2018Do mental health mobile apps work: evidence and recommendations for designing high-efficacy mental health mobile apps358 cited
  • 2016Mental health: There’s an app for that333 cited
  • 2022Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: A randomized trial of effectiveness296 cited
  • 2019The Next Generation: Chatbots in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy to Foster Mental Health – A Scoping Review213 cited
  • 2019Caring for Vincent186 cited
  • 2021Co-developing a Mental Health and Wellbeing Chatbot With and for Young People

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139 cited
  • 2019EMMA: An Emotion-Aware Wellbeing Chatbot126 cited
  • 2015Pilot randomised controlled trial of Help4Mood, an embodied virtual agent-based system to support treatment of depression125 cited
  • 2020Preliminary Evaluation of the Engagement and Effectiveness of a Mental Health Chatbot101 cited
  • Cited by

    • 2024AI Technology panic—is AI Dependence Bad for Mental Health? A Cross-Lagged Panel Model and the Mediating Roles of Motivations for AI Use Among Adolescents194 cited
    • 2024An Overview of Tools and Technologies for Anxiety and Depression Management Using AI81 cited
    • 2024A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Intelligent Conversational Chatbot For Enhancing Mental Health Therapy38 cited
    • 2024Therapeutic Chatbots as Cognitive-Affective Artifacts33 cited
    • 2023Can robots do therapy?: Examining the efficacy of a CBT bot in comparison with other behavioral intervention technologies in alleviating mental health symptoms29 cited
    • 2025Chatbots and mental health: a scoping review of reviews28 cited
    • 2023Conversational agents for depression screening: A systematic review25 cited
    • 2024The Role of Chatbots in Enhancing Health Care for Older Adults: A Scoping Review24 cited
    • 2024The ethical aspects of integrating sentiment and emotion analysis in chatbots for depression intervention22 cited
    • 2025Artificial Intelligence–Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention on Psychological Outcomes: A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression22 cited
    • 2024A review on the efficacy of artificial intelligence for managing anxiety disorders21 cited
    • 2024Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Health Counseling For Mental Illness Patients15 cited
    • 2026LLM-powered socially assistive robot-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy exercises: an exploratory study with university students15 cited
    • 2023A narrative review of digital biomarkers in the management of major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant forms14 cited
    • 2025The balance and integration of artificial intelligence within cognitive behavioral therapy interventions12 cited
    • 2025A Systematic Review on Mental Health Chatbots: Trends, Design Principles, Evaluation Methods, and Future Research Agenda11 cited