Attachment-Related Anxiety and Religiosity as Predictors of Generalized Self-Efficacy and Dispositional Hope

Emrullah Ecer

3 citations0/0 files storedPsychology in Russia State of Art

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Optimism, Hope, and Well-being Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology Attachment and Relationship Dynamics

Abstract

Background: Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have a significant impact on self-esteem, optimism, and hope. Moreover, previous studies have shown that religiosity can also be an important factor in promoting hope and emotional regulation. Objective: The first aim of this study was to explore the relationship between attachment-related anxiety, attachment-related avoidance, dispositional hope, generalized self-efficacy (GSE), future time perspective (FTP) as future time opportunities (FTO), and focus on limitations (FOL). The second purpose was to detect the effect of religiosity on hope, GSE, and FTP. Design: The study involved 153 Turkish participants (Females n = 81, 52.9%), between the ages of 18 and 66, who filled out the Dispositional Hope Scale, and the Experience in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R), FTP, and GSE inventories via a Google survey. A Pearson correlation test, multiple linear regression analysis, and an independent t-test were computed. Results: Attachment-related anxiety was inversely related to dispositional hope and GSE, while it was positively associated with FOL. Attachment-related avoidance was negatively related to dispositional hope and FTO, whereas it was positively correlated with FOL. FTO was positively correlated with GSE and dispositional hope. Religious participants had a higher level of dispositional hope and GSE than non-religious participants. A lower level of attachment-related anxiety and religiosity was associated with a higher level of GSE and hope. Females showed a higher level of makeup agency than men, whereas the men reported a higher level of FOL than the women. Conclusion: This study concluded that both attachment-related anxiety and religiosity were predictors of hope and GSE. Gender differences played a significant role in FOL and make-up agency. Moreover, it was found that attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have different functions in GSE and FTO.

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References

1977Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.1977Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.1969Attachment and Loss 2008Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change 2000An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment.1991The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope.1999Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric.1973Separation: Anxiety and Anger

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