Individualized Education Programs and Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism

Michelle M. Hughes · Anne V. Kirby · John L. Davis · Deborah A. Bilder · Mary Patrick · Maya Liza C. Lopez +9 more

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Disability Education and Employment Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The study objectives were to examine the contents of individualized education programs (IEPs) of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including postsecondary transition goals, services, and changes in special education classification over time. METHODS: This study involved a longitudinal population-based surveillance cohort from the Autism Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network from 2002 to 2018 in 3 catchment areas in the United States. The sample included 322 adolescents who were born in 2002, identified with ASD, and had an IEP available for review at ages 15-16 years. RESULTS: We found that 297 (92%) adolescents with ASD had an IEP including a transition plan. Those without intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to have postsecondary education and employment goals and have those goals be to pursue higher education or competitive employment compared with those with ID. Forty-one percent of adolescents with ASD had a postsecondary living arrangement goal. Although 28% of adolescents with ASD received school-based mental health services, none of these adolescents were Black; additionally, 15% of those with ID received mental health services compared with 34% without ID. The percentage of adolescents with ASD served under an autism classification increased from 44% at age 8 years to 62% by age 16. CONCLUSIONS: We identified gaps and disparities in school-based postsecondary transition planning. Working with education partners, families, and adolescents will be important to identify what challenges contribute to these findings and what supports are needed to improve the equity and quality of the transition planning process for adolescents with ASD so they are prepared for adulthood.

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2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2008National Center for Education Statistics 2012Postsecondary Education and Employment Among Youth With an Autism Spectrum Disorder 2009Evidence-Based Secondary Transition Predictors for Improving Postschool Outcomes for Students With Disabilities 2013Postsecondary Employment Experiences Among Young Adults With an Autism Spectrum Disorder 2009Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)2012Transition Planning for Students With Intellectual Disability, Autism, or Other Disabilities: Data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 2016Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Care for Children and Young Adults

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