Associations between the neighbourhood food environment and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Hidser Numans · Jeroen Lakerveld

31 citations0/0 files storedEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Health disparities and outcomes Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Abstract

AIMS: To systematically review the current evidence on the association between the neighbourhood food environment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched the literature databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 1 May 2022. Studies focusing on the indoor home, workplace, or school food environment were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened all records. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the shortened QUIPS tool, and relevant data were extracted. We summarized the findings using a narrative synthesis approach. We included 15 studies after screening 5915 original records. Most studies were published in the last 4 years and were predominantly conducted in North American or European countries. These studies focused on fast-food restaurant density in the residential neighbourhood. A higher fast-food restaurant density was most consistently associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of CVD and CVD mortality, but effect sizes were small. Evidence of an association between fast-food restaurant density and myocardial infarction, or stroke was inconsistent. The other aspects of the food environment were density of food service restaurants, unhealthy food outlets, and food access score. However, there was scant evidence for these aspects. CONCLUSION: We found evidence for associations between the neighbourhood food environment and CVD, suggesting that a higher fast-food restaurant density is associated with CVD and CVD mortality. Effect sizes were small but important, given the fact that a large population is exposed. Research is needed to assess the effects of other aspects of the food environment. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022317407.

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References

2016Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews 2009The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration 1998Urban Lifestyles: Diversity and Standardisation in Spaces of Consumption 2020Associations between the built environment and dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity: A scoping review of reviews 2013Spatial patterning of supermarkets and fast food outlets with respect to neighborhood characteristics 2018Do ‘environmental bads’ such as alcohol, fast food, tobacco, and gambling outlets cluster and co-locate in more deprived areas in Glasgow City, Scotland?2020Recent changes in the Dutch foodscape: socioeconomic and urban-rural differences 2015Cross-sectional associations between residential environmental exposures and cardiovascular diseases

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