Evaluating the impact of using mobile vaccination units to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Cheshire and Merseyside, UK: a synthetic control analysis

Xingna Nina Zhang · Shane Knott · Paula Parvulescu · Iain Edward Buchan · Marta García‐Fiñana · Roberta Piroddi +3 more

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research COVID-19 epidemiological studies

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of mobile vaccination units on COVID-19 vaccine uptake of the first dose, the percentage of vaccinated people among the total eligible population. We further investigate whether such an effect differed by deprivation, ethnicity and age. DESIGN: Synthetic control analysis. SETTING: The population registered with general practices (GPs) in nine local authority areas in Cheshire and Merseyside in Northwest England, UK. INTERVENTION: Mobile vaccination units that visited 37 sites on 54 occasions between 12 April 2021 and 28 June 2021. We defined intervention neighbourhoods as having their population weighted centroid located within 1 km of mobile vaccination sites (338 006 individuals). A weighted combination of neighbourhoods that had not received the intervention (1 495 582 individuals) was used to construct a synthetic control group. OUTCOME: The weekly number of first-dose vaccines received among people aged 18 years and over as a proportion of the population. RESULTS: The introduction of a mobile vaccination unit into a neighbourhood increased the number of first vaccinations conducted in the neighbourhood by 25% (95% CI 21% to 28%) within 3 weeks after the first visit to a neighbourhood, compared with the synthetic control group. Interaction analyses showed smaller or no effect among older age groups, Asian and black ethnic groups, and the most socioeconomically deprived populations. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile vaccination units are effective interventions for increasing vaccination uptake, at least in the short term. While mobile units can be geographically targeted to reduce inequalities, we found evidence that they may increase inequalities in vaccine uptake within targeted areas, as the intervention was less effective among groups that tended to have lower vaccination uptake. Mobile vaccination units should be used in combination with activities to maximise outreach with black and Asian communities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.

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2008Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods 2008Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide 2021Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minority groups 2021Behavioural nudges increase COVID-19 vaccinations 2021Effects of different types of written vaccination information on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK (OCEANS-III): a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial 2021Trends and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine recipients: a federated analysis of 57.9 million patients' primary care records in situ using OpenSAFELY 2021A multi-component, community-based strategy to facilitate COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Latinx populations: From theory to practice 2021Covid-19: How the UK vaccine rollout delivered success, so far

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