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Abstract Older adults generally perform more poorly than younger adults on a variety of different measures of performance. These measures include the large range of reaction time tasks so prevalent today (e.g. Sternberg 1969), as well as the many different tests of memory, reasoning and spatial abilities first administered back in the 1940s (e.g. Hebb 1942; Cattell 1943). The argument has been made that much of the decline in performance among older adults can be traced to a single factor, cognitive slowing. Birren (e.g. 1965, 1974) was the first to propose this general line of argument, an argument which has since been vigorously pursued by a number of different investigators (e.g. Cerella 1985; Salthouse 1980, 1985). Although cognitive slowing is not the only factor that has been put forward as an explanation for the differences between younger and older adults, it has remained the dominant one and is the one upon which we will focus (for a review of the alternative potential mediators, see Salthouse 1991).
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