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Abstract Cognitive aging is not a field lacking in theoretical efforts. On the contrary, we may be suffering from too many theories. In his 1992 review of the field, Salthouse concluded, in what perhaps was a slight overstatement, that ‘there appear to be nearly as many explanations or interpretations of [age-related] deficits as there are published articles’ (p. 323). Most of these theories operate on a micro-level, that is, they pertain to only a small range of phenomena. It seems that what we need is not more theories, but a more integrated theory, that is, a set of propositions that explains more than a narrow collection of data through a limited set of mechanisms. Some such grand theories of aging have been proposed in the past (e.g. Cerella et al. 1980; Hasher and Zacks 1988; Myerson et al. 1990; Salthouse 1996), but these remain largely controversial (see, for instance, recent controversies in the Journals of Gerontology regarding generalized-slowing theories of aging; Cerella 1994; Fisk and Fisher 1994; Myerson et al. 1994; Perfect 1994; or regarding the inhibition account of aging; Burke 1997; McDowd 1997; Zacks and Hasher 1997).
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