Collaboration for digital transformation: so much more than just technology

Abstract

This concluding chapter summarizes and reflects the key arguments and research findings presented in the previous chapters on the crucial role of collaboration in creating digital transformation and innovative public services. The chapter starts with a reflection on complexity, risk, and power inequalities as challenges of collaborating for digital transformation and the relevance of the national context in shaping collaboration dynamics. It then singles out three main themes of both intergovernmental and public-private collaboration in the context of digital transformation: the role of leadership, the conditions for functioning collaborations, and the importance and pitfalls of stakeholder and user involvement. In these sections, the empirical findings from various European countries presented in the previous chapters are tied back to existing research and scholarship. The chapter finishes with a section on lessons for policy and practice and avenues for further research.

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