Imagine the financial barrier to public transport use disappears. The impact of the 9-Euro-Ticket on the mobility and social participation of low-income households with children

Caroline Rozynek

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Transportation Planning and Optimization transportation and logistics systems Urban Transport and Accessibility

Abstract

From June to August 2022, the financial barrier to public transport use almost completely disappeared in Germany due to the 9-Euro-Ticket. It enabled anyone with access to public transport infrastructure across Germany to use public transport for 9 euros per person per month. As this completely changed the conditions for public transport use, especially for low-income households with children, the following research questions arise: (1) what effect does the 9-Euro-Ticket have on the travel practices and social participation of low-income households with children? (2) how and by what were the travel practices shaped by the 9-Euro-Ticket? and (3) what happened to the interviewees’ travel practices after the measure expired? To answer these questions, twelve qualitative interviews were conducted with low-income households with children in the Hanover region. This study found that the 9-Euro-Ticket removed the financial constraint of public transport use, changed the travel practices of most interviewees and had a wide range of positive meanings. The respondents associate the 9-Euro-Ticket with freedom, joy at being able to offer their children something, along with financial and psychological relief. Additionally, the 9-Euro-Ticket enabled the interviewees to engage in leisure activities, to visit relatives, contributed to integration, had an empowering effect, especially for women and children, and thus represents a measure to increase social participation. After the three months of the 9-Euro-Ticket, financing public transport use challenges low-income households again and financial constraints prevent them from reaching certain places and engaging in out-of-home activities.

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References

2012The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday Life and How it Changes 2009An Introduction to Qualitative Research 2012Transport and social exclusion: Where are we now?2016Sample size for qualitative research 2016Transport poverty and its adverse social consequences 2009Qualitative Sozialforschung – Ein Arbeitsbuch.2003What does a one-month free bus ticket do to habitual drivers? An experimental analysis of habit and attitude change 2012The Problem-Centred Interview: Principles and Practice

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