Interpretation of the Smithing Process of Donghae Mangsangdong Site through Hammerscale of Restoration Experiment

Abstract

The characteristics of the hammerscale, by process were confirmed by identifying the microstructure, appearance, and chemical composition characteristics of the hammerscale recovered in the restoration experiment. Based on this, it was attempted to understand the characteristics of the smithing furnace operation at the Mangsangdong site in Donghae, and further examine an effective classification method for the excavated hammerscales. In the case of the experiment hammer scale, changes in external characteristics were confirmed, with thickness and diameter decreasing as the refining, forging, and shaping processes progressed. According to the change process, the microstructure was divided into type I composed of Fayalite and Wüstite, type II dominated by coarse Wüstite, and type III with a three-layer structure(Hematite-Magnetite-Wüstite). In addition, through analysis of composition, differences in composition appeared as the process progressed, confirming the possibility of classification of hammerscales. Excavated hammer scales were confirmed to have type II, III microstructures at a rate of 88%, it is believed that process of the forging and shaping rather than refining. In addition, differences in composition were not clearly evident, which is considered to be because the scope of process of the Mangsangdong sites was not wide. As a result of checking the distribution of microstructure by dividing it into 4 mm or more, 2∼4 mm, and 0.5∼2 mm based on diameter of the hammerscale, there was a tendency for the proportion of microstructure of subsequent types to increase as the diameter decreased, confirming the possibility of effective process classification through diameter.

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