Analisis Domain terhadap Penggunaan Bahasa Kebangsaan di Greater KL (Domain Analysis of the Usage of National Language in Greater KL)

Abstract

Bahasa Melayu merupakan bahasa kebangsaan dan rasmi negara, manakala bahasa Inggeris berfungsi sebagai bahasa perhubungan luas. Sebagai tambahan, bahasa Mandarin dan Tamil turut menjadi bahasa pengantar di sekolah vernakular. Kepelbagaian bahasa di Malaysia telah menimbulkan persoalan tentang sikap masyarakat terhadap bahasa Melayu, khususnya bukan Melayu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan bahasa kebangsaan di Greater KL Lumpur. Kuala lumpur telah dipilih sebagai kawasan kajian kerana ia merupakan pusat budaya, sosial dan politik yang dapat menggambarkan kepelbagaian di Malaysia. Seramai 493 responden yang merangkumi kaum Melayu dan bukan Melayu telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Soal selidik yang telah diedarkan merangkumi maklumat demografi, penggunaan bahasa dalam pelbagai domain. Penggunaan bahasa telah diukur berdasarkan empat domain: kekeluargaan dan persahabatan, media, pekerjaan dan pendidikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kaum Melayu mempunyai sikap positif terhadap bahasa Melayu dalam semua domain, manakala kaum bukan Melayu (Cina dan India) memperlihatkan sikap negatif dalam domain media dan kekeluargaan. Hasil kajian juga mendapati responden yang berpendidikan tinggi menunjukkan sikap yang positif terhadap bahasa Melayu berbanding yang kurang berpendidikan. Perbezaan sikap kaum Melayu dan bukan Melayu terhadap bahasa Melayu dipengaruhi oleh sistem pendidikan. Majoiriti kaum Melayu mendapat pendidikan di sekolah kebangsaan yang menggunakan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar, manakala kaum Cina dan India pula bercampur-campur disebabkan oleh latar pendidikan di sekolah vernakular dan di sekolah kebangsaan. Sebab itu, sikap mereka terhadap bahasa Melayu agak sederhana atau negatif. Kata kunci: sikap; penggunaan bahasa; sekolah kebangsaan; sekolah vernacular; domain ABSTRACT Malay is the national and official language of the country, while English is the language of wider communication. In addition, Mandarin and Tamil are also taught in the school as the medium of instruction. The diversity of languages in Malaysia has raised questions about people's attitudes towards the Malay language, especially non-Malays. This paper aims to investigate the use of the national language in Greater KL Kuala Lumpur was chosen as the study area because it is a cultural, economic, social, and political center that reflects the diversity of Malaysia. A total of 493 respondents were selected as the sample. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, language use of Malay in different domains. The use of language was measured based on four domains: family and friendship, media, occupation, and education. The results showed that the Malays have positive attitudes towards the Malay language in all domains, while the non-Malays (Chinese and Indian) showed a negative attitude in the domain of media and family. The study also found that highly educated respondents showed a positive attitude towards the Malay language than the non-educated. The different attitudes between Malays and non-Malays towards the Malay language are influenced by the education system. The majority of the Malays are educated in national schools that use Malay as the medium of instruction, while the Chinese and Indians are mixed due to their education in vernacular schools and national schools. Therefore, their attitude towards the Malay is relatively modest or negative. Keywords: attitude; language use; national school; vernacular school; domain

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