Trends of coinfections among healthy blood donors: COVID-19 pandemic repercussion

Neetu Kukar · Anjali Handa · Neha Syal · Parul Garg · Navreet Singh Gopalpuri · Harpreet Kaur

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Blood donation and transfusion practices HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions Hepatitis C virus research

Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity throughout the world in the last two decades. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has escalated the disease burden further by increasing the number of intravenous (IV) drug abusers and unemployment. Aim: The present study was done to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on seroprevalence as well as trends during pre, post and pandemic years of coinfection and mono-infections in the Malwa region of Punjab. Setting and Design: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the department of immunohematology and blood transfusion at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The data on transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) was collected for a period of four years from 2019 to 2022, that is, pre, post and during the pandemic period. All the blood samples were screened for viral markers, HIV I and II, HCV, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Malarial antigen and syphilis infection testing was done using a rapid diagnostic card test. The total number of sero-reactive cases and their distribution were noted. Results: A total of 58,953 donors were screened and included during the study period. Each blood donor was identified by a donor registration number. The overall TTI seroprevalence in blood donors was 2.83% (n = 1670). The seroprevalence of TTIs in blood donors showed an increasing trend for HIV, HCV, and HBsAg in 2019-2021, whereas there was a decrease in reactivity status in the 2022 (back to pre-pandemic year). There was a significant increase in the coinfection rate from 0.1% to 0.25%. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic impact on the coinfection rate of TTI was significant. To curb these TTIs and coinfections, education and public awareness are the key factors. India is a developing country, so transfusion medicine specialists need to work day and night to practice safe blood services.

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2009Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety 2012Emerging infectious agents and the nation's blood supply: responding to potential threats in the 21st century 2015Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI), in first time blood donors in Abeokuta, Nigeria.2013Transfusion transmittable infections - Seroprevalence among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi 2001Blood transfusion services: organization is integral to safety.2022Exploring the unseen effect of COVID 19 pandemic on blood transfusion services in a tertiary care centre 2021Deterrents in recruitment of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors: Experience from a hospital‐based blood centre in India

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