Business Innovation and Internationalisation in Female-Owned Businesses: A Fuzzy-set QCA Approach

Abstract

Abstract Female entrepreneurship is increasingly important to create new jobs and contribute to countries’ social and economic growth. This paper aims to examine how innovation and internationalisation interact from a female entrepreneurship perspective. Our research was based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method as a means of exploring the causal complexity between female entrepreneurship (condition), innovation, and internationalisation (conditions and outcomes). Our results suggest that female entrepreneurship alone is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for the outcome (high internationalisation or innovation). Nevertheless, the results indicate that female entrepreneurship is important in achieving a high level of internationalisation. This study provides policymakers with evidence of the gains of promoting female entrepreneurship in their respective countries. Our study advances knowledge in two ways. It explores the interplay between innovation and internationalisation from the perspective of female entrepreneurship. It applies fuzzy-set methods to the three concepts simultaneously.

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