Extending UTAUT model to examine the usages of ChatGPT among Indian students in higher education: a structural equation modelling approach

Lokesh Jasrai

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Technology Adoption and User Behaviour Artificial Intelligence in Education AI in Service Interactions

Abstract

Purpose This study used extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to examine the effect of personal expectancy (PE), efforts expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), hedonic motivation (HM), price value (PV) and habit (H) on behavioural intention (BI) to use Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in higher education for an Indian context. The study also examined moderating effects of students’ self-innovativeness (SIN) and integrity (INT) on the relationship between BI and use behaviour (UB) for ChatGPT. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 311 students has been selected from Northern states of India by applying stratified proportionate random sampling method and four disciplines – engineering, business administration, science and fine arts were used as different strata in the sample selection process. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach has been used in data analysis to assess proposed theoretical model. Findings The study found PE, FC, PV and H significantly account for students’ BI and actual use of ChatGPT, whereas EE, SI and HM showed a negligible impact on BI. The BI was also found non-significant in predicting the usage behaviour for ChatGPT. The moderation effects of SIN and INT of students were also found non-significant on the relationship between BI and UB. Research limitations/implications A limited sample size of study and its focus on Northern states of India constrain the generalizability of findings to the other parts of world. Originality/value The study helps to understand the nuances associated with advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool such as ChatGPT in higher education for the application of best-practices. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by examining determinants of ChatGPT usage with extended version of UTAUT model in Indian context by using additional constructs such as SIN and INT.

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References

1991The theory of planned behavior 2003User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1 1992Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace 1 2023Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT 2021Using the UTAUT model to understand students’ usage of e-learning systems in developing countries 2020Developing a general extended UTAUT model for M-payment adoption 2023Students’ Acceptance of ChatGPT in Higher Education: An Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2016Extending the UTAUT model to understand the customers’ acceptance and use of internet banking in Lebanon

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