Paediatric Assessment for Specific Learning Disorders: A Retrospective Clinical Audit

Gehan Roberts

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Reading and Literacy Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Aim: To describe the accuracy of data gathered during developmental paediatric assessment and correlation with the DSM-5 criteria for a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). We also aimed to describe the commonest presenting concerns, final diagnoses, clinical tools and questionnaires used during the assessment. Methods: This is a retrospective Electronic Medical Record (EMR) audit of patients seen at the Centre for Community Child Health’s (CCCH) Learning Difficulties (LD) Clinic at the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH) Melbourne. All new patients who completed a minimum of two clinic visits between 1 June 2018 to 31 May 2019 were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients in our cohort were 114 ± 28 months. Results: A total of 68 medical records were reviewed. In addition to learning difficulties, the commonest associated concerns were attention, behaviour and mental health. 16 (24%) children received a diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), 46 (68%) had other learning difficulties, 5 (7%) received a diagnosis of Intellectual Disability (ID) and 1 child did not receive any diagnosis. The paediatric clinical assessments in this audit were largely accurate to diagnose SLD with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 97.8%. The clinical assessments had a positive predictive value of 93.3% and a negative predictive value of 95.7%. Screening tools were used to gather information on hyperactivity and inattention, mental health issues, cognitive skills, general neurodevelopment, language ability, and the most common formal assessments performed were the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. Conclusion: Developmental paediatric assessment can identify whether children meet criteria for an SLD diagnosis.

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2014Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Fifth Edition 2020Reintroducing Dyslexia: Early Identification and Implications for Pediatric Practice 2023Assessment of Specific Learning Disabilities and Intellectual Disabilities 2007Children with developmental coordination disorders 2001The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment 2020Impaired school well-being in children with specific learning disorder and its relationship to psychopathological symptoms 2015Provision of evidence-based intervention is not part of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Specific Learning Disorder

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