Arts and culture as a national competitive advantage in Indonesia: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Art and culture are strategic assets that can become Indonesia’s competitive advantage in global competition. While Indonesia’s art and cultural heritage are internationally recognized—through UNESCO-listed traditions such as Wayang Kulit, Batik, and Borobudur—these strengths have not been sufficiently integrated into national development strategies, which predominantly focus on physical infrastructure. This study aims to highlight the implications of art and culture as strategic assets by conducting a systematic literature review, offering a critical and comprehensive synthesis of Indonesia’s competitive advantage on the global stage. Positioning art and culture at the core of national development is essential for advancing diplomacy, driving economic growth, and fostering community development.

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