Collection point allocation methods for many-to-one demand-responsive transport based on geometric models and actual demand points

Abstract

Serving a low demand, rural areas with public transport is efficient with the use of a flexible and demand-responsive transport (DRT) solution. To improve the service quality of a DRT service, the accessibility of the service, namely the collection points, should be allocated considering the travelers’ needs. This paper presents a collection point allocation method for a many-to-one type DRT service, which type connects many points (e.g. a neighborhood) with one point (e.g. local center, high-capacity public transport station providing a feeder service). Our research addresses how to optimize the collection point locations by considering walking distances, geographical characteristics, and demand data. Two approaches have been developed: a demand-centric approach, where demand points are known, and a general approach based on spatial characteristics in the absence of demand data. The proposed methods have been validated through a case study in Szentendre, Hungary, focusing on demand-responsive school bus service. Both approaches significantly reduce the walking distance compared to conventional public transport services, while the limited number of collection points ensures that the performance of the service remains within realistic limits. The results of this research can provide guidance for the development of existing services and the introduction of new DRT systems.

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