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Abstract Understanding sustainable human resource management (HRM) practices is vital in improving employee productivity, efficiency and sustainability of organisations. The study focuses on sustainable HRM practices, employee empowered, trained, participation and recruited for the private sector in Kuwait in job performance. Training is measured as a moderating variable in the studies, relating these practices to employee productivity in respondents of a descriptive study of 216 employees. The results indicate that while empowerment is a good element, but its impact is less pronounced; on the other hand, employee participation and training enhance job performance. Training is important for enhancing the effectiveness of sustainable HRM practices, particularly in relation to smart cities where human capital flexibility and skill in employment of sustainable and technological solutions are needed. As tapping into more workable solutions for linking the workforce management strategy with the constantly evolving dynamics of urban systems, these findings enrich the theoretical discourse and best-practice discussions of sustainable HRM.
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