Mismatch negativity in children with specific language impairment and auditory processing disorder

Abstract

Mismatch negativity, an electrophysiological measure, evaluates the brain's capacity to discriminate sounds, regardless of attentional and behavioral capacity. Thus, this auditory event-related potential is promising in the study of the neurophysiological basis underlying auditory processing. To investigate complex acoustic signals (speech) encoded in the auditory nervous system of children with specific language impairment and compare with children with auditory processing disorders and typical development through the mismatch negativity paradigm. It was a prospective study. 75 children (6–12 years) participated in this study: 25 children with specific language impairment, 25 with auditory processing disorders, and 25 with typical development. Mismatch negativity was obtained by subtracting from the waves obtained by the stimuli /ga/ (frequent) and /da/ (rare). Measures of mismatch negativity latency and two amplitude measures were analyzed. It was possible to verify an absence of mismatch negativity in 16% children with specific language impairment and 24% children with auditory processing disorders. In the comparative analysis, auditory processing disorders and specific language impairment showed higher latency values and lower amplitude values compared to typical development. These data demonstrate changes in the automatic discrimination of crucial acoustic components of speech sounds in children with specific language impairment and auditory processing disorders. It could indicate problems in physiological processes responsible for ensuring the discrimination of acoustic contrasts in pre-attentional and pre-conscious levels, contributing to poor perception. Mismatch Negativity (MMN), uma medida eletrofisiológica, mede a habilidade do cérebro em discriminar sons, independente da capacidade atencional e comportamental. Assim, esse potencial mostra-se promissor no estudo das bases neurofisiológicas que subjaz o processamento auditivo. Investigar a discriminação de sinais acústicos complexos (fala) no sistema auditivo por meio do MMN, com crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem (DEL), comparando com transtorno do processamento auditivo (TPA) e desenvolvimento típico (DT). Estudo Prospectivo. 75 crianças (6-12 anos) participaram deste estudo: 25 crianças com DEL, 25 com TPA e 25 em DT. O MMN foi obtido por meio da subtração das ondas obtidas pelos estímulos/ga/(frequente) e/da/(raro). Foram analisadas as medidas de latência do MMN e duas medidas de amplitude. Foi possível verificar ausência do MMN em 16% no TPA e 24% DEL. Na análise comparativa, os grupos TPA e DEL apresentaram maiores valores latências e menores valores de amplitude em relação ao DT. Estes dados demonstram uma alteração na discriminação automática de componentes acústicos cruciais dos sons de fala em crianças com TPA e DEL, o que poderia indicar alterações nos processos fisiológicos responsáveis pela discriminação precisa de contrastes acústicos em níveis pré-atencionais e pré-conscientes, contribuindo para uma percepção deficiente.

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