History and core themes

Abstract

Two characteristics of cognitive science are central and obvious. First, it is cognitive, aiming toward empirical and theoretical understanding of cognition. Its founding disciplines addressed intelligence in humans (cognitive psychology) and computers (artificial intelligence), with special scrutiny given to language as a paradigmatic domain of human competence (linguistics). Over time, the understanding of what it is to be cognitive has expanded, diversified, and become more contentious. Second, it is interdisciplinary: ideas and methods of inquiry propagate across traditional boundaries, and collaborations thrive among the founding fields and also philosophy, sociology, anthropology, developmental psychology, education, and neuroscience. Some of these collaborations have created or reinvigorated interdisciplinary fields such as psycholinguistics, language acquisition, linguistic anthropology, cognitive sociology, computational linguistics, and cognitive neuroscience; others have contributed research strategies, especially computer simulation of mental activity; and many more have

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