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The Preschool Kitchen Task Assessment (PKTA)

Hayley Gilligan · Liza Henty-Clark · Jennifer Weissensee

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Early Childhood Education and Development Occupational Therapy Practice and Research

Abstract

Background and purpose. Executive function (EF) deficits is a growing area of focus in pediatric occupational therapy practice. However, there is a lack of performance-based assessments of EF in preschool-aged children. This study sought to establish preliminary criterion-related validity of the Preschool Kitchen Task Assessment (PKTA), a test of EF in preschoolers developed by Christine Berg, Ph.D., OTR/L, in which children complete a multi-step craft project. Subjects. Fifteen typically developing preschool-aged children participated in this study. Methods. An exploratory design was used to assess criterion-related validity of the PKTA. Participants completed the PKTA along with several established neuropsychological assessments of EF: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P), the Dimensional Change Card Sort, and the Forward and Backward Digit Span Tasks. Relationships between scores were examined by calculating a Pearson r correlation. Results. A good significant correlation was found between the PKTA total score and the BRIEF-P Inhibitory Control (r=.52), as well as the Inhibitory Self-Control Index (r=.53). A fair non-significant correlation was found between the PKTA total score and BRIEF-P Global Executive Composite (r=.34), Emotional Control (r=.39) and Working Memory (r=.29) scores. Results showed a moderate non-significant relationship between the PKTA and the Backward Digit Span (r=-.48). Discussion and conclusion. Results support the preliminary validity of the PKTA, particularly the strong relationships found with the BRIEF-P scores. The PKTA was sensitive to age-related cognitive development and demonstrated ecological validity. The PKTA is a promising tool to enable occupational therapists to assess for EF in this age group.

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References

2008Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)1969The Psychology of the Child 1989Delay of Gratification in Children 2007Relating Effortful Control, Executive Function, and False Belief Understanding to Emerging Math and Literacy Ability in Kindergarten 1980Interaction between Learning and Development 2002School readiness: Integrating cognition and emotion in a neurobiological conceptualization of children's functioning at school entry.2005Developmentally Sensitive Measures of Executive Function in Preschool Children 2007Links between behavioral regulation and preschoolers' literacy, vocabulary, and math skills.

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