Research on factors relating to density and climate change

Abstract

Human contribution to global climate change through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most intensely debated policy issues of our time. Residential density is just one of the factors that affect GHGs, and yet a vast volume of research has been conducted on this topic. This review of the literature is intended to help inform this aspect of the debate by summarizing and synthesizing the literature—nearly 200 studies in total—in 12 key areas. The report examines four groups of factors that influence the complex relationship between density, GHGs, and climate change: density and its relationship with travel behavior and energy use; how neighborhood characteristics affect travel behavior; transit efficiency compared with private autos; and demographics and other trends related to transportation and land use. The last section of this review identifies major conclusions and some areas for further research. More detailed reviews of the literature on each of these topics are provided in the appendix.

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