Thesisgreen2014

The General Abilities Index as a Third Method of Diagnosing Specific Learning Disabilities

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Reading and Literacy Development Educational and Psychological Assessments

Abstract

Many studies have investigated problems with the ability achievement discrepancy (AAD) method of diagnosing specific learning disabilities (SLDs). The definition of an SLD includes the presence of a deficit in one or more cognitive processing systems. Researchers in other studies found that the AAD method overdiagnoses English language learners and students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and underdiagnoses students with cognitive processing deficits. Although SLD diagnostic methods have been widely researched, much less information is available regarding SLD diagnostic methods that predict important student outcomes, such as high school completion. The General Abilities Index (GAI) is an SLD diagnostic method that can identify cognitive processing deficits. This study examined the relationships between cognitive processing deficits and the GAI method, high school completion status, performance on state standards assessments, and SLD eligibility. Using a multivariate, nonexperimental design, this study analyzed 149 datasets from records of students tested for an SLD between 1996 to 2013. A GLM analysis found that several types of cognitive processing deficits predicted math and writing performance on the state standards assessment and predicted not being diagnosed with an SLD, while the GAI method failed to predict any relationship with the dependent variables. Positive social changes from this study may include improved SLD diagnostic practices and improved educational interventions that target the cognitive processing deficits. Improved educational outcomes for SLD persons may reduce the high rates of unemployment, substance abuse, and incarceration experienced by the adult SLD population.

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References

2003Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures 2008The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods 2006The SAGE Dictionary of Social Research Methods 2002Validity of IQ-Discrepancy Classifications of Reading Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis 2010Executive Dysfunction Among Children With Reading Comprehension Deficits 2005Psychometric Approaches to the Identification of LD 2009Response to Intervention: Ready or not? Or, from wait-to-fail to watch-them-fail.1994What Helps Students Learn

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