Maintaining Spanish in the United States: Steps Toward the Effective Practice of Heritage Language Re-acquisition/Development

Guadalupe Valdés · Joshua A. Fishman · Rebecca Chávez · William Pérez

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Multilingual Education and Policy EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Second Language Learning and Teaching

Abstract

This paper examines the pedagogical challenges involved in using formal/structured instructional settings to maintain heritage languages (minority, immigrant, and indigenous languages). It uses the case of Spanish to describe the multiple tensions surrounding the teaching of non-societal languages as part of established high-school and university programs originally intended for traditional foreign-language learners. First, it presents the results of a survey of instructional practices used in the teaching of Spanish to heritage students in California in secondary and postsecondary institutions. It then discusses some of the challenges and tensions surrounding the teaching of heriage languages revealed by the survey and proposes a research agenda that can guide our understanding of the linguistic characteristcs of heritage learners and of the role of instruction in the development/re-acquisition of non-dominant L1's.

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References

2005Bilingualism, Heritage Language Learners, and SLA Research: Opportunities Lost or Seized?2011First Language Acquisition 1998E Pluribus Unum: Bilingualism and Loss of Language in the Second Generation 1993Latino voices: Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban perspectives on American politics 2003Mi Lengua: Spanish as a Heritage Language in the United States.2003Language Ideology: The Case of Spanish in Departments of Foreign Languages 1999Foreign Language Instruction in the United States: A National Survey of Elementary and Secondary Schools 1990Bilingualism: stable or transitional? The case of Spanish in the United States

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2010A review of recent research (2000–2008) on applied linguistics and language teaching with specific reference to L2 Spanish 2018Meeting Student Needs: Integrating Spanish Heritage Language Learners into the Second Language Classroom 2013El español en Estados Unidos a la luz del censo de 2010: Los retos de las próximas décadas 2019Exploring language ideologies in action: An analysis of Spanish Heritage Language oral corrective feedback in the mixed classroom setting

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