Teenage School Attendance and Cash Transfers: An Impact Evaluation of PANES

Abstract

T hree years after a severe economic crisis, the Uruguayan government launched a temporary antipoverty plan, the National Plan for Social Emergency Assistance (PANES), which took place from April 2005 to December 2007, lasting for thirty-four months.This program included a cash transfer component, Citizen Income, which was, in fact, the main intervention of the plan.In the short run, the primary objective of this intervention was to provide cash assistance to indigent households.In the long run, it aimed at promoting social integration in many ways, such as carrying out educational and labor interventions for adults, encouraging households to foster child schooling, and promoting health checks.To pursue this objective, in the original design, program participation was conditional on school enrollment for those households with children and health checks for all beneficiaries.However, in practice, conditionalities were not controlled, owing to lack of administrative coordination among the involved institutions.Although promoting schooling was not V e r ó n i c a a m a r a n t e m e r y F e r r a n d o a n d r e a V i g o r i t o

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