Articlegreen2011

Emotional reactivity and regulation in anxious and nonanxious youth: a cell‐phone ecological momentary assessment study

Patricia Z. Tan · Erika E. Forbes · Ronald E. Dahl · Neal D. Ryan · Greg J. Siegle · Cecile D. Ladouceur +1 more

163 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Mental Health Research Topics

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Reviews have highlighted anxious youths' affective disturbances, specifically, elevated negative emotions and reliance on ineffective emotion regulation strategies. However, no study has examined anxious youth's emotional reactivity and regulation in real-world contexts. METHODS: This study utilized an ecological momentary assessment approach to compare real-world emotional experiences of 65 youth with generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, or social phobia (ANX) and 65 age-matched healthy controls (CON), ages 9-13 years. RESULTS: Hierarchical linear models revealed that ANX reported higher levels of average past-hour peak intensity of nervous, sad and upset emotions than CON youth but similar levels during momentary reports of current emotion. As expected, ANX youth reported more frequent physiological reactions in response to a negative event; however, there were no group differences in how frequently they used cognitive-behavioral strategies. Avoidance, distraction and problem solving were associated with the down-regulation of all negative emotions except nervousness for both ANX and CON youth; however, group differences emerged for acceptance, rumination and physiological responding. CONCLUSIONS: In real-world contexts, ANX youth do not report higher levels of momentary negative emotions but do report heightened negative emotions in response to challenging events. Moreover, ANX youth report no differences in how frequently they use adaptive regulatory strategies but are more likely to have physiological responses to challenging events. They are also less effective at using some strategies to down-regulate negative emotion than CON youth.

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References

1997Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data 2005Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes 1994EMOTION REGULATION: A THEME IN SEARCH OF DEFINITION 1997The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale Construction and Psychometric Characteristics 1987Validity and Reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method 2020Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses.2003Adolescents' Emotion Regulation in Daily Life: Links to Depressive Symptoms and Problem Behavior

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