A Robust, Tactic-Based, Real-Time Framework for Public- Transport Transfer Synchronization

Mahmood Mahmoodi Nesheli · Avishai Avi Ceder · Tao Liu

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Transportation Planning and Optimization Traffic control and management Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency

Abstract

Missed transfers affect public transport (PT) operations by increasing passenger's waiting and travel times and frustration. Because of the stochastic and uncertain nature of PT systems, synchronized transfers do not always materialize. This work proposes a new mathematical programming model to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct (without waiting) transfers. The model consists of four policies built on a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and short-turn, the last applied, for the first time, as a real-time control action. The concept is implemented in two steps: optimization and simulation. An agent-based simulation framework is used to represent real-life scenarios, generate random input data, and validate the optimization results. In order to assess the robustness of this framework, a wide range of schedule-deviation scenarios are defined using efficient algorithms for solving the control models within a rolling horizon structure. A case study of the Auckland, New Zealand, PT system is described for assessing the methodology developed. The results show a 4.7% reduction in total passenger travel time and a more than 150% increase in direct transfers. The best impressive results are attained under short headway operations.

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References

2009A headway-based approach to eliminate bus bunching: Systematic analysis and comparisons 2007Public Transit Planning and Operation: Theory, Modeling and Practice 2001The Holding Problem with Real–Time Information Available 2012How much can holding and/or limiting boarding improve transit performance?2001An Analytic Stochastic Model for the Transit Vehicle Holding Problem 2010Transport for suburbia: beyond the automobile age 2003Real-Time Optimization Model for Dynamic Scheduling of Transit Operations 2005The Real–Time Stop–Skipping Problem

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2018Reconciling transfer synchronization and service regularity: real-time control strategies using passenger data 2018Optimally combined headway and timetable reliable public transport system 2022A review of public transport transfer synchronisation at the real-time control phase 2017Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method 2017Integrated public transport timetable synchronization with vehicle scheduling

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