Size, structure and change implementation

Matthew W. Ford

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Organizational Change and Leadership Management and Organizational Studies Organizational Management and Change

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate competing views of whether organization size creates conditions of rigidity or fluidity with respect to adaptation and change, this study empirically compares processes used to implement planned change and their associated outcomes in small and large organizations. Design/methodology/approach Using Lewin's three‐phase model of change as an evaluative framework, questionnaire‐based data were obtained from change managers in small and large organizations. Analysis of variance and profile analysis were used to investigate size‐related differences in unfreezing, movement and refreezing phases of change, and in implementation success. Findings Results indicated that small organizations employed significantly lower levels of refreezing activities and realized lower levels of implementation success relative to large organizations. Research limitations/implications While cross sectional in nature, the sample's modest size limits the extent to which findings can be generalized. Future research should consider whether size related effects depend on change related factors such as intentionality or continuity. Practical implications Although managers in many large organizations seek to dismantle hierarchical structure, potential consequences of such a move should be carefully considered. Reducing hierarchy may decrease capacity for managing change. Conversely, small organizations may improve change management capability by adding structure that improves implementation control. Originality/value This paper offers an uncommon empirical glimpse into processes of change in the context of organizational size. Empirical evidence suggesting that organizational size may not be a hindrance, and perhaps an advantage, when implementing planned change constitutes the primary contribution of this study.

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References

1983An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.1985Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social Cognitive Theory 1986Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects 1992Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology 1977The Population Ecology of Organizations 1984Structural Inertia and Organizational Change 1982An evolutionary theory of economic change 1978The External Control of Organizations.

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