A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Work Engagement and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

Siw Tone Innstrand · Ellen Melbye Langballe · Erik Falkum

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Workaholism, burnout, and well-being Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior Workplace Health and Well-being

Abstract

This longitudinal study examined the dynamic relationship between work engagement (vigour and dedication) and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A sample of 3475 respondents from eight different occupational groups (lawyers, physicians, nurses, teachers, church ministers, bus drivers, people working in advertising and people working in information technology) in Norway supplied data at two points in time with a 2-year time interval. The advantages of longitudinal design were utilized, including testing of reversed causation and controlling for unmeasured third variables. In general, the results showed that the hypothesized normal causal relationship was superior to a reversed causation model. In other words, this study supported the assumption that work engagement is more likely to be the antecedent for symptoms of depression and anxiety than the outcome. In particular, the vigour facet of work engagement provides lower levels of depression and anxiety 2 years later. However, additional analyses modelling unmeasured third variables indicate that unknown third variables may have created some spurious effects on the pattern of the observed relationship. Implications of the findings are discussed in the paper.

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References

2003Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.1989Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.2002Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance 2001The job demands-resources model of burnout.2007Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance 2000Positive psychology: An introduction.2000Positive psychology: An introduction.2004Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study

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