Shadow Education: Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its Implications for Policy Makers in Asia

Mark Bray · Chad R. Lykins

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Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities School Choice and Performance Global Educational Policies and Reforms

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The book can be downloaded for free on the website of Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong. https://cerc.edu.hku.hk/books-category/cerc-monograph-series/

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2010The spirit level : why equality is better for everyone 1996Learning : the treasure within : report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century 1992Shadow Education and Allocation in Formal Schooling: Transition to University in Japan 2007The determinants and impact of private tutoring classes in Vietnam 2010The origin of universal shadow education: what the supplemental education phenomenon tells us about the postmodern institution of education

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2015Skill Gaps, Skill Shortages, and Skill Mismatches 2012Does private tutoring improve students’ National College Entrance Exam performance?—A case study from Jinan, China 2013Benefits and Tensions of Shadow Education: Comparative Perspectives on the Roles and Impact of Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Lives of Hong Kong Students 2013Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education 2013The effectiveness of private tutoring: students’ perceptions in comparison with mainstream schooling in Hong Kong 2014Regulating private tutoring for public good: policy options for supplementary education in Asia 2017

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