Multilingual Education across Oceania

Abstract

Maintenance bilingual education is common in Polynesian settings with long-established political sovereignty. Recently, Melanesian countries have expanded the range of languages included in education, mainly through decentralization to more efficient village-based provision. In 40 years of multilingual policy development Australia has embraced assertively multicultural and Asianist perspectives, exploring and reconstituting national identity. This has resulted in multilingual education practice through the teaching, supporting and examining some 100 of Australia's 300 spoken languages. Multilingual education for minority language students involves complementary first language and English support in cross-curricula academic-oriented bilingualism, underscoring that bilingual education in Anglophone Oceania is always premised on English + Other. Bilingualism is relatively new in New Zealand primary education with wider implementation hampered by teacher training designs focused on secondary schools. Bilingual education, and bilingualism as a result of education, are the typical condition of Samoan society.

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