Towards a generalised conceptual framework for learning: the Learning Environment, Learning Processes and Learning Outcomes (LEPO) framework

Abstract

We argue in this paper is that there is a lack of clarity about learning in its broadest form, and we address this by proposing a generalised and integrated conceptual framework for learning. The Learning Environment, Learning Processes and Learning Outcomes (LEPO) framework conceptualises learning as having three components: the environment which facilitates learning (Learning Environment), the activities which are part of learning (Learning Processes) and the knowledge, behaviours, skills or understanding which can be demonstrated (Learning Outcomes). Two general actors interact with these three components, the student and the teacher. The paper discusses the origins of the framework, justifies its form and validates it against other conceptual frameworks. It concludes with a brief discussion about how it can be used to improve both the educational design of educational innovations and evaluate/ research into the effectiveness of educational innovations.

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